Outboard motor



pni EL 44. A s, BQSMA 2,34648 oUTBoARD .MOTOR Filed Aug. 1, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 m I u @9.3

" A A ATToRNEY.

Patented Apr. 11, 1944 OUTBOARD MOTOR Ain-ea s. Bosma', New Holstein, wie., assieme;

by mesne assignments, to Hart-Carter Company, Peoria, lll., a corporation of Delaware Application August 1, 19in, serien No. 349,952

(ci. 1st-s) 11 claims.

This Ainvention relates to improvementslin outboardmotors.- f

Outboard motors as commonly constructed l' are twoI cycle and lubricatedby mixing a minor y quantity` oi?,I lubricating oil with the gasoline or other fuel in the main fueltank.' This requires the preparation ofa special mixture and is otherwise objectionable. It is recognized that greater eiiicienoy and economy-in operation can be obtained by 'the use of a four cycle motor wherein ythere is a separate oil .reservoir and mechanism for feeding said oil to the parts to be lubricated, but oil in a separate reservoir has heretofore presented problems in an outboard motor. One of said problems arises from the fact thatanoutboard motor is frequently tilted w a horizontal position while on a boat or while being manuallycarried or placed on its side while .being transportedinpa vehifcle.' Another problem is that of." leakage of voil' during, operation, particularly leakage past the crank shaft bearing down-into the propeller. shaft sleeve.

It' i's,"therefore, one voi' the objects," of the present invention toY providey an improved four cycle outboard 'motor 'construction having a separate oil reservoir and oil feeding, means, said reservoir being so located and constructed with reference `vlto the position of operating parts thereabove ythat the motor may be tilted to al1 necessary positionsor placed on its side Without causingoil from the reservoir to enter the cylinder and lstart trouble, vandsaicl. reservoir being so'located=.'that surplus oil :will -drainefrom the bearings backpinto'tlue reservoirl during normal y operation-1.;4 f .f

Auffurther object'fof the invention .is to pr'ovide in a construction as-above described-means serving as a shroud therefor whereby a compact,

and attractive design is made possible.

With the above and other objects in view the A invention consists of the improved motor for outboard and other uses, and all its parts and combinations, and all equivalents thereof.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating one complete embodiment of the preferred form of the invention, and wherein like reference charn actors designate the same or similar parts in the various views,

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view through the motor housing;

Fig. 2 is an irregular transverse view through said housing;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view teiten ap ypl'oxinca-telv on line 3 3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view on enlarged' scale looking up at the oil pump from the bottom 'of the reservoir and showing the oil pump with its piston duct in registration with the discharge port at the middle of a discharge stroke;

Fig. 5 is a similar view showing the piston near the end of its discharge stroke;

Fig. 6 is a view taken approximately. on line @-43 of Fig. 3 looking down on the reservoir with its cover plate in position;

Fig. 'l is avlew taken approximately on line 'l-l of Fig. 3 looking down on the reservoir withI its cover pla'te removed; and

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the entire outboard motor.

Reierringmoreparticularly to the drawings.

" the numeral 8 designates an exterior housing for eilectivel'y feeding? the oil:.to the parts to be lubricated. yf

A :stili 'further-object or '-the inventionl is f .to provideinfanioutboardmotor having a sepa-rate .t

ou 'reservoir-L' means' operable Swmie'ffth'e .motor f is ruimiugforlforcibiydirecting4 sur-pics ojii `:may 1 from'the cria'liiltvr shattfbeaiingfat 'the bottom 'oi 'r voir, andfi'nans '-forlp eventinglos'sof oil-through A -f a Water' 'pump-fis -eu'minatea-r construction whereby the necessity of utilizing.l y

e invention fis-to provide"A A 'sti-njffuitiiei-l obieot'fo the "invention is; to'

fuel t surrounding iiange ill forming the bottom of a fuel tank il, with the outside' of the hood ii forming one side wall of the fuel tank, and a surroundingrwalllz forming the other wall. of" the' fuel tank.- v The hood. 9 -forms a. fan cham- 'ber I3, andthe gasoline tank forms a surround` ing shroudlfor the fan chamber resulting in a compact z arrarigement'and permitting an attracti've exterior appearance, as shown in Fig. `5.

to the 'rear' bottom portion of the hous-- ing l8' is ya casting-I4 formingV an oil reservoir.

having a'lling opening normally closed by a -1 plug I4',andabovetheoilreservoirand within" the main housing 8 is acrank case housing i5. 't The motor has a-cylinder l5 provided with.' ex= Secured terna] cooling. ns l1, andfopemble within the cylinder iszthefusual :piston operating a connect--` ing rod l'which in tumfperates a-crank leV to cause rotation of 'the eremo-short et. The upper` end of the crank shaft is rigidly connected with a starting rope pulley 2l which projects through an opening 22in the top of the fan chamber I3, and air maybe drawn into the fan chamber through open central parts of the pulley 2| as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 2. The upper portion of the crank shaft drives a fan having vanes 23 located within the fan housing, and said portion of the crank shaft may also operate a magneto. Below the crank I9 on the crank shaft is a crank shaft gear 2d driving a timing gear 25, and said timing gear in turn causes rotation of a cam shaft Z6 carrying cams 2l and 28 which operate the valves 29 and Sii respectively.

Below the crank shaft gear ,24 the crank shaft is surrounded by a shrouded ball bearing assemb1y 30 located in a bearing pocket .3L and the crank shaft then entends downwardlythrough a rawhide oil seal assembly lll mounted in an enlarged recess 32 or" a boss which extends upwardly from the bottom of the oil reservoir I. The crank shaft then depends into the propeller shaft sleeve where it is connected by a coupling member ifi with the propeller shaft 35, the latter being adapted to drive the propeller 36 'in the usual manner.

Rotatable with the crank shaft and positioned between the crank shaft gear 24 and the ball bearing assembly 36 (see Fig. 3) is an oil slinger disk 31 which rotates at high speed with the crank shaft and which is adapted to throw .surplus oil draining thereon back into the oil reservoir through openings 38 in the reservoir cover plate Sii. What little oil might work its way along beneath the slinger 3l and through `the shrouded bearing i will be prevented by the rawhide oil seal ESI' from leaking into the propeller shaft sleeve 33. However, without the novel use of the slinger in this combination to direct surplus oil during operation back into the oil reservoir, the best packing such'as the packing 3| would be ineffective to prevent leakage. The combination of said packing, however, and the slinger in this particular use accomplishes the desired purpose.

The oil reservoir It has a surrounding offset extension s@ in the front,V 39' in the rear, 40 on'one side, and fill' on the other side, with top flange portions iii, lli', B2 and 42 which project inwardly and serve to trap oil and maintain the same in the reservoir. In addition the reservoir has the cover plate 38' which allows communication between the reservoir and crank case only through the openings 38 which are necessary to permit surpls oil from the crank case to ow back into the reservoir. The distance a-in Figs.- 3 and 6 is such that most of the oilnormally in the reservoir I can .be accommodai-.e'elA in the front extension 39 when the motor is in horizontal position while being carried bythe handle 43', 60 or While tilted on the hinge 43' to lift the propeller out, of the water. '.Ihus while being car-lV y ried only a minor amount ofoil will Vflow out of the reservoir through opening 3 8 and into the crank case I5, and this minor amount will`stay inthe end I' of the crank case welly below thev and I6' of the cylinder so none of saidoil will' work up into the cylinder to cause fouling of plugs or other trouble (see Fig. 3).

Due to thev position of the carrying handle I3, hinge d3', and to the shape ofthe housing the motor is not, in practice, tilted inthe opposite :lirection to that just described. The motor is, however, frequently placed on either slide.par,

` automa-"76 :icularly while being transported in' an of the cylinder being pivotal on bile, and when so disposedyit is important that no oil get into the cylinder I6. With the pres- 'ent construction the distances b andc (Fig. 6) are such that practically all oil can be accommodated in. the oil reservoir below the openings 38 when the motor is on its side. What little oil might dow into the crank case through the opening 38 would travel'by gravity-to a. point far below the sides of the cylinder I8, so no harm would result.

As soon as the 'mtor is righted from any oi said non-operating positions any oil in the crank case will soon ow back into the reservoir through the openings 38, and when the motor is operated the action of the slinger 31 will assist in return- -ing said oil to the reservoir.

4The lower end of the cam shaft 26 has a. cam` disk 45 mounted thereon and positioned Within the oil reservoir. This cam disk operates a piston 46 movable in 'a cylinder 4'I,- the other end o a pin .48,(sce Figs.4and 5). It is obvious that when the motor is ln operation and when the recess 49 of the cam 45 is in registration with the duct 50 of the piston M5,v the piston being moving to withdrawn position in the cylinder 41,.a vacuum will be created in I the innerend of the cylinder 41 causing oil to l be sucked from thereservoir through lter -5I.

through ducts 52land 53, through recess 49, into the duct 50 of the piston and into the cylinder. As the cam disk 45 rotates, due to its eccentric, relationshipwith respect to the cam shaft; it will tend to push the piston inwardly into the .Y

. cylinder and at the samel time the peripheral recess 54 will register with the duct In o: the piston as in Figs. 1, 4 and 5 so that the oil which was previously sucked into the cylinder will be forcibly expelled through the'duct 5D into re- -cess 54, through duct 55 inthecam'disk 45' and up through longitudinal duct 56 of the camI shaft. The oil under pressure in the ductr 56 will be forcibly ejected from apertures 51` (see Fig. 1) onto the bearing 58 between they connecting rod y and crank shaft. raison win then tend to Ite splashed onto'other operating parts. In addition, oil `from the upper en'd of the duct 58 will lubricate the bearing 59 for the upper end of the` f cam shaft. Due to the fact that al1 of. these bearings which are lubricated areglocated'bove the oil reservoir, all surplus oil will drain back' into .the oil reservoir I4 through the openings 38 -assisted by the action oi' theoil slinger 31.

'It is thus apparent that a. very eiectivemethod of feeding on is provided wheremihe ou is pumped if;

from a lower reservoir andwherein vsurplus'oilis directed back into said reservoir' `by 'the `novel mechanism and arrangement of parts. It is f urther apparent that, the reservoir is so constructed t that vperipheral portions have a sufilcient capacity to handle a substantial amount of oil' in the reser-` voir when the motor is tipped to horizontal po'sition or laid on its side. It-is also apparent that"` the constructii-.an'v is suchthat whatever-loll enter the cr'ank case, when the motor is inoneoi' f said non-operating positions: will iiow to portions of the crank casevwell below the cylinder' 1" said oilcannot trouble.v A ,.J ,y

The fan vanes 23 are adapted toeiccltivelj" ci l culate air drawnY in through the cen4 Aofth pulley 2l, around the cylinder and othe )iiqtlng parts, to keepV the "temperature withi titi Exhausted gases vfrom the engine'ar discharged enter the 'cylinder through 'the exhaust pipe 59 below the water level to eliminate noise and objectionable gases.

In view of the above it is apparent that an outboard motor constructionohas been provided which is compact, light in weight, neat in appearance, and which nevertheless provides for eicient cooling and for lubrication from a` separate oil reservoir with a minimum of operating parts, thereby making it practical to use a four cycle engine for outboard motor purposes. The four cycle principle is advantageous over the two cycle arrangement now used in outboard motors because in the latter the oil and gas must be mixed and both stored in a common reservoir. To employ a four cycle principle oil must be in a separate reservoir from the gasoline, and this has heretofore been considered an impractical arrangement in outboard motors because of the various positions in which the motor isdisposed during handling and use. Further advantages of the four cycle motor over the two cycle are that in the two cycle construction the presence of lubricating oil in the gasoline eiects eiiiciency, causes fouled plugs and hard starting, and in the two cycle construction it is necessary that each charge of fuel be a full chargewhereasin `the four cycle construction the amount of a charge can be cut down as desired. This renders the four cycle principle more economical and more flexible as to speed.

It is obvious that features of this invention may be utilized in motors adapted for other than outboard use, and it is also obvious that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of invention, and all of such changes are `contemplated as may come within the scope of the claims.

What I claim is:

l. In an outboard motor having a support and having means whereby the motor may be pivoted forwardly on said support to an inoperative position, a combustion engine provided with a crank case and with a cylinder rearwardly of said crank case, a reservoir for lubricating oilpositioned below said crank case when the motorV is in normal operating position, there being a drain opening between said crank case andreservoir,

means for feeding-oil from said reservoir to parts v in the crank oase to be lubricated, the top of the reservoir at the forward end thereof having an inwardly extending flange in sealing connection with the front and side walls of the reservoir forming together with the front, 'side and bottom walls of the reservoir, a trap in the forward end of the reservoir of a sizelto accommodate the major portion of oil normally in the entire reservoir .whereby said oil is substantially coniined in the trap portion of the reservoir upon forward tilting fof the motor said trap'portion being. located remote from the cylinder so that any oil not accommodated in the trap portion will flow into the end the motor is `in saidforwardly tilted position.

i 2. In an `outboardmotor having' a support and havingmeans whereby the motor may bepivo'ted forwardly on saidmsuppor't to-aninoperative posiupper edges of the front and side walls of the tion, a combustion engine provided with a crank case and with a cylinder rearwardly of said crank.

case, a reservoir for lubricating oil of greater area in plan view than the corresponding area of the crank case positioned below said crank case when the motor is in normal operating position, said.

increased area of the reservoir including a forward portion which is oiiset laterally from the front upright wall of the crank case, there being a drain opening between said crank case and reservoir, means for feeding oil from said reservoir to parts in the crank case to be lubricated, said offset portion of the reservoir having a top cover flange and forming a trap of a size to accommodate the major portion of oil normally in the entire reservoir when the motor is tilted forwardly said trap portion being located remote from the cylinder so that any oil not accommodated in the trap portion will iiow into the end of the crank case remote from the cylinder when the motor is in said forwardly tilted position.

4. In an outboard motor having a support and having means whereby the motor may be pivoted forwardlyon said support to an inoperative position, a combustion engine provided with a crank case, a reservoir for lubricating oil of greater area in plan view than the corresponding areav of the crank case positioned below said crank case when the motor is in normal operating position, said increased area of the reservoir including portions in the front and -on each side which are offset laterally from .the adjacent upright walls of the crank case, there being a drain opening between in plan viewthan the correspondingarea ofthe crank case positioned below ysaid crank case when t of the crank caseremote from the cylinder when the motoris in normal operating position, said increased area of the reservoir including aportion extending entirely around the reservoin' which is offset llaterallyfrom the uprightwalls 'ofthe crank "case,` there being aj drain" opening between'said crank vcase and reservoin.meansfor'jfeeding'oil l .having m? forwardly" from said vrcre'servtfnir nto. Parts 'in fthe' v crankk case to be lubricatedjsaid oils'e'tporti'ons ofjthereservoir Yh'aving tncoveriaes and formingltransrfr a'ccvmmodatineft p y e, 'mally 'in the entire reservoir whenthe motor is 'lmajorilortionof the oil'noryany ,direction gms-@Phi f .I .y

mo r' having', ,afspDQrt and yt. mtOf-.mafbapivoted 0'- an inoperative position, a combustion engine provided with a cylin- ,tilted up j to "approxi`rriat`elyl 99?' in der in the rear portion of the motor and having a crank case in the forward portion, a reservoir for lubricating oil positioned below the crank case when the motor is in normal operating position, there being a drain opening between said c'rank case and reservoir, means for feeding oil from said reservoir to parts in the crank case to be lubricated, said reservoir having a portion offset forwardly from the front of the crank case forming a trap of a size to accommodate the major portion of oil normally in the entire reservoir when the motor is tilted forwardly, any oil in the crank case being accommodated in the end thereof remote from the cylinder.

7. In an outboard motor or the like having a combustion engine provided with a crank case and having a crank shaft which is substantially vertically disposed in said crank case when the motor is in normal operatingposition, a bearing within which the lower end of the crank shaft is journaled, a reservoir for lubricating oil surrounding the lower end of the crank shaft, there being a drain opening in the bottom of the crank case communicating directly with said reservoir through which surplus oil may drain back into said reservoir, means Iin the reservoir through which the crank shaft extends for sealing all portions of the crank shaft below the bottom of the crank case from the oil reservoir and from oil which flows through said drain opening in the bottom ofthe crank case, means in the bottom of the crank case rotatable with said crank shaft above and adjacent to said bearing for centrifugally throwing surplus oil which drains thereon from the crank case into said opening and directly back into said reservoir, and means for feeding oil from said reservoir to parts in said crank case to be lubricated.

8. In an outboard motor or the like having a combustion engine provided with a crank case and having a crank shaft-and a cam shaft which are substantially vertically disposed in said crank case when the motor is in normal operating position, a reservoir for lubricating oil surrounding the lower end of the crank shaft and positioned below'the crank case, an eccentric on said cam shaft positioned in said reservoir, there being a drain opening between the top of said reservoir and said crank case through which surplus oil may drain back into said reservoir, an oil pump cylinder mounted for pivotal movement in said reservoir, a tubular piston movable in said cylinder and having a projecting end with a circular opening within which the cam shaft eccentric fits so that the pump is operated by .rotation o'f said cam shaft, said cam shaft having a longitudinal oil duct therein within a discharge outlet in the crank case, said eccentric of the cam shaft having a port communicating with the longitudinal oil duct of the cam shaft and adapted to communicate with the interior of the tubular piston in certain positions of operation.

9. In an outboard motor or the like having a combustion engine provided with a crank case and having a crank shaft which is substantially vertically disposed in said crank case when the motor is in normal operating position, a reservoir for lubricating oil surrounding the lower end of the crank shaft and positioned below the crank case, there being a drain opening in the bottom of the crank case communicating directly with said reservoir through which surplus oil may drain back into said reservoir, a ball bearing assembly around the lower end of the crank shaft and above the reservoir, means connected to the bottom of the crank case for holding said bearing assembly in position, an oil seal engageable around said crank shaft below said bearing, a tubular boss extending upwardly from the bottom of the reservoir through which the crank shaft extends and within which the oil seal is positioned, said boss preventing escape of oil from the reservoir, and said boss and bearing holding means sealing all portions of the crank shaft be- -low the Bottom of the crank case from oil which has drained into the drain opening in the bottom of the crank case, means in the bottom of the crank case rotatable withsaid crank shaft above and adjacent to said bearing for centrifugally throwing surplus oil which drains thereon from the crank case into said opening and back into said reservoir, and means for feeding oil from said reservoir to parts yin said crank case to be lubricated.

10. In an outboard motor or the like having a combustion engine provided with a. crank case and having a crank shaft which is substantially vertically disposed in said crank case when the motor is in normal operating position, said crank case having a bottom formed with a depending tubular portion forming a bearing pocket through which the crank shaft extends, means forming a reservoir for lubricating oil surrounding the lower end of said crank shaft, said reservoir having its bottom formed with an upstanding tubular boss which engages the lower end of the bearing pocket and through which the crank shaft extends, there being a drain opening in the bottom of the crank case located radially outwardly from said bearing pocket and communicating with the reservoir, all

' portions of the crank shaft below the bottom of the crank case being sealed by said depending tubular portion and upstanding tubular bossfrom oil draining downwardly through said opening, the top of the reservoir at the forward end thereof having an inwardly extending flange in sealing connection with the front and side walls of the reservoir forming a trap in the forward end of the reservoir of a size to accommodate the major portion of .oil normally in the entire reservoir whereby said oil is substantially confined in said trap portion upon forward tilting of the motor.

11. In an outboard motor or the like having a combustion engine provided with a crank case and having a crank shaft which is substantially vertically disposed in said crank case, when the motor is in normal operating position, said crank case having a bottom through which the lower end of the crank shaft extends, a reservoir for lubricating oil positioned belowsaid crank case bottom when the motor is in normal operating position and surrounding'said lower end of the crank shaft, there being a drain opening ,in the bottom of the crank case communicating with said reservoir, means rotatable with the crank shaft and located in the crank case adjacent the bottom thereof for centrifugally throwing sur; plus oil which drains thereon to said opening. means for sealing all portions of the crank shaft below the bottom of the crank case from oil draining downwardly through said opening, the top oi' the reservoir at the forward end thereof having an inwardly extending flange in sealing connection with the front and side walls of the reservoir forming a trap in the forward end of the reservoir of a size to ,accommodate the major portion of oil normally in the entire reservoir whereby said oil is substantially confined in said trap portion upon forward tilting of the motor.

ALFRED S. BOSMA. 

